凡涂抹在建筑物或建筑構(gòu)件表面的砂漿，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為抹面砂漿。根據(jù)濟(jì)南抹面砂漿功能的不同，可將抹面砂漿分為普通抹面砂漿、裝飾砂漿和具有某些特殊功能的抹面砂漿（如防水砂漿、絕熱砂漿、吸音砂漿、耐酸砂漿等）。

Mortar applied on the surface of buildings or building components is collectively referred to as plastering mortar. According to the different functions of Jinan plastering mortar, the plastering mortar can be divided into ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar and plastering mortar with some special functions (such as waterproof mortar, thermal insulation mortar, sound-absorbing mortar, acid-resistant mortar, etc.).

普通抹面砂漿的功能主要是保護(hù)墻體、地面不受風(fēng)雨及有害雜質(zhì)的侵蝕，提高防潮、防腐蝕、抗風(fēng)化性能，增加耐久性；同時(shí)可使建筑物達(dá)到表面平整、清潔和美觀的效果。

The main function of ordinary plastering mortar is to protect the wall and ground from the erosion of wind, rain and harmful impurities, improve the moisture, corrosion and weathering resistance, and increase the durability; At the same time, it can make the surface of the building smooth, clean and beautiful.

抹面砂漿的技術(shù)要求

Technical requirements for plastering mortar

抹面砂漿要求具有良好的和易性，容易抹成均勻平整的薄層，便于施工。還應(yīng)有較高的粘結(jié)力，砂漿層應(yīng)能與底面粘結(jié)牢固，長(zhǎng)期不致開(kāi)裂或脫落。處于潮濕環(huán)境或易受外力作用部位（如地面、墻裙等），還應(yīng)具有較高的耐水性和強(qiáng)度。

The plastering mortar shall be of good workability and easy to be plastered into a uniform and flat thin layer for construction. It shall also have high adhesion, and the mortar layer shall be firmly bonded with the bottom surface without cracking or falling off for a long time. In the wet environment or the parts susceptible to external forces (such as the ground, wall skirt, etc.), it should also have high water resistance and strength.

普通抹面砂漿的施工特點(diǎn)和方法

Construction characteristics and methods of ordinary plastering mortar

普通抹面砂漿通常分為兩層或三層進(jìn)行施工。各層砂漿要求不同，因此每層所選用的砂漿也不一樣。一般底層砂漿起粘結(jié)基層的作用，要求砂漿應(yīng)具有良好的和易性和較高的粘結(jié)力，因此底層砂漿的保水性要好，否則水分易被基層材料吸收而影響砂漿的粘結(jié)力。

Ordinary plastering mortar is usually divided into two or three layers for construction. The mortar requirements for each layer are different, so the mortar selected for each layer is also different. Generally, the bottom mortar plays the role of binding the base course, and requires that the mortar should have good workability and high adhesion, so the water retention of the bottom mortar is better, otherwise the moisture is easily absorbed by the base course material and affects the adhesion of the mortar.

基層表面粗糙些有利于與砂漿的粘結(jié)。

The rough surface of the base course is conducive to bonding with mortar.

中層抹灰主要是為了找平，有時(shí)可省去不用。面層抹灰主要為了平整美觀，因此應(yīng)選細(xì)砂。

The middle layer plastering is mainly used for leveling, sometimes it can be omitted. The surface plastering is mainly for flatness and beauty, so fine sand should be selected.

特殊位置抹灰的選用

Selection of plastering at special positions

用于磚墻的底層抹灰，多用石灰砂漿；用于板條墻或板條頂棚的底層抹灰多用混合砂漿或石灰砂漿；混凝土墻、梁、柱、頂板等底層抹灰多用混合砂漿、麻刀石灰漿或紙筋石灰漿。

For the bottom plastering of brick wall, lime mortar is used; For the bottom plastering of Flat noodles walls or Flat noodles ceilings, mixed mortar or lime mortar is commonly used; The bottom plastering of concrete walls, beams, columns, roof slabs, etc. are mostly made of mixed mortar, hemp lime slurry or paper reinforced lime slurry.

在容易碰撞或潮濕的地方，應(yīng)采用水泥砂漿。如墻裙、踢腳板、地面、雨棚、窗臺(tái)以及水池、水井等處一般多用1:2.5的水泥砂漿。

Cement mortar shall be used in places prone to collision or damp. For example, the dado, skirting board, ground, canopy, windowsill, pool, well and other places generally use 1:2.5 cement mortar.

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