膩?zhàn)臃凼羌已b必用到材料，它的使用量僅次于水泥，而環(huán)保要求比面層的乳膠漆、硅藻泥、墻紙墻布等飾面面材還要重要。

　　Putty powder is a necessary material for home decoration, and its usage is second only to cement. Environmental protection requirements are even more important than surface materials such as latex paint, diatomaceous earth, wallpaper and wall cloth.

　　業(yè)界有一句話：“七分膩?zhàn)尤制幔闷徇€需好膩?zhàn)印薄Ｕf的直白一點(diǎn)，基層膩?zhàn)犹幚聿缓茫砻孀鍪裁炊际前紫埂?/p>

　　There is a saying in the industry: 'Seven parts putty and three parts paint, good paint requires good putty'. To put it bluntly, if the base putty is not treated properly, everything done on the surface will be in vain.

　　很多人飾面材料選了很久，卻把膩?zhàn)拥闹匾越o忽略了。

　　Many people have been choosing decorative materials for a long time, but they overlook the importance of putty.

　　墻面的使用壽命和膩?zhàn)拥馁|(zhì)量是成正比的，膩?zhàn)舆x對了做好了會大大減少墻面起皮、開裂、發(fā)霉的可能性。膩?zhàn)記]做好，即便使用再好的乳膠漆都達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果。

　　The service life of the wall is directly proportional to the quality of the putty. Choosing the right putty and doing it well will greatly reduce the possibility of peeling, cracking, and mold on the wall. The putty is not done well, even with the best latex paint, it cannot achieve the expected effect.

　　下面我們談?wù)勅绾螌δ佔(zhàn)淤|(zhì)量的把關(guān)。

　　Now let's talk about how to control the quality of putty.

　　內(nèi) 一、膩?zhàn)拥姆诸惻c選擇

　　I. Classification and selection of putty

　　市場上膩?zhàn)臃诸?/p>

　　Classification of Putty in the Market

　　①按照狀態(tài)：膏狀膩?zhàn)印⒎蹱钅佔(zhàn)印⒛z配填料或水泥；

　　① According to the status: paste putty, powder putty, adhesive filler or cement;

　　②按照耐水性：耐水膩?zhàn)印⒎悄退佔(zhàn)樱?/p>

　　② According to water resistance: water-resistant putty, non water-resistant putty;

　　③按照使用場合：內(nèi)墻膩?zhàn)印⑼鈮δ佔(zhàn)樱?/p>

　　③ According to usage scenarios: interior wall putty, exterior wall putty;

　　④按照功能：耐水膩?zhàn)印椥阅佔(zhàn)印⒏邚椃浪佔(zhàn)印?/p>

　　④ According to function: water-resistant putty, elastic putty, high elasticity waterproof putty.

　　建筑室內(nèi)用膩?zhàn)樱↗G/T298-2010）

　　Putty for indoor use in buildings (JG/T298-2010)

　　內(nèi)墻膩?zhàn)臃诸悾?/p>

　　Classification of interior wall putty:

　　一般型（Y型）

　　General type (Y-shaped)

　　柔韌型（R型）

　　Flexible type (R-type)

　　耐水型（N型）

　　Water resistant type (N-type)

　　1、一般型膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　1. General putty

　　一般型膩?zhàn)樱簝r格低廉，施工方便，是目前使用最多的類型。但耐水性能差，粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度低（>0.3MPa），不建議使用。

　　General putty: Low cost, easy to apply, and currently the most commonly used type. However, due to poor water resistance and low bonding strength (>0.3MPa), it is not recommended to use it.

　　大量使用并不意味著它最合適。它使用的多是因?yàn)檠b修公司知道業(yè)主不懂還不重視，是為了降低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤最大化，這也成為了行業(yè)潛規(guī)則。

　　Extensive use does not necessarily mean it is the most suitable. It is often used because decoration companies know that homeowners do not understand and do not attach importance to it, in order to reduce costs and maximize profits, which has also become a hidden rule in the industry.

　　事實(shí)上，在建筑行業(yè)，普通膩?zhàn)右蚱淠退阅懿睿瑥?qiáng)度低而一直在限制使用。

　　In fact, in the construction industry, ordinary putty has been restricted in use due to its poor water resistance and low strength.

　　北京市早在2001年已出臺《關(guān)于公布第三批淘汰和限制使用落后建材產(chǎn)品的通知》，通知中規(guī)定在“住宅工程”中禁止使用“不耐水石膏類刮墻膩?zhàn)印薄?/p>

　　As early as 2001, Beijing issued the "Notice on the Third Batch of Elimination and Restriction of the Use of Outdated Building Materials Products", which stipulated that the use of "water-resistant gypsum based wall scraping putty" was prohibited in "residential projects".

　　河北省在2011年正式發(fā)文要求禁止使用非耐水膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　Hebei Province officially issued a document in 2011 requiring the prohibition of the use of non water resistant putty

　　普通膩?zhàn)訋啄旰髸霈F(xiàn)粉化、起皮空鼓，大家盡量不要使用（Y型）膩?zhàn)印?/p>

　　Ordinary putty may turn powdery, peel and hollow after a few years, so it is best not to use (Y-shaped) putty.

　　2、柔韌型膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　2. Flexible putty

　　柔韌型膩?zhàn)又饕褂迷谀景濉⒉输摪濉⑺茕摪宓热嵝曰鶎由希已b一般不用。

　　Flexible putty is mainly used on flexible substrates such as wooden boards, color steel plates, and plastic steel plates, and is generally not used in home decoration.

　　3、耐水型膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　3. Waterproof putty

　　耐水膩?zhàn)釉谒薪?8h干燥后無起皮、開裂及明顯掉粉。

　　After soaking in water for 48 hours and drying, water-resistant putty has no peeling, cracking, or obvious powder loss.

　　粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度大于0.5MPa，浸泡干燥后的強(qiáng)度仍大于普通膩?zhàn)印Ｊ褂媚退佔(zhàn)涌纱蟠笱娱L墻面使用壽命。

　　The bonding strength is greater than 0.5 MPa, and the strength after soaking and drying is still greater than that of ordinary putty. The use of water-resistant putty can greatly extend the service life of walls.

　　室內(nèi)裝修推薦使用耐水膩?zhàn)樱l(wèi)生間和廚房必須用耐水膩?zhàn)印?/p>

　　It is recommended to use water-resistant putty for indoor decoration, and water-resistant putty must be used for bathrooms and kitchens.

　　二、耐水膩?zhàn)釉趺催x

　　2、 How to choose water-resistant putty

　　1、石膏基膩?zhàn)优c水泥基膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　1. Gypsum based putty and cement-based putty

　　耐水膩?zhàn)右话愣际撬嗷鎸幽佔(zhàn)右x水泥基的，才會有更好的耐水性和強(qiáng)度。

　　Waterproof putty is generally cement-based, and cement-based putty should be selected for the surface layer to have better water resistance and strength.

　　底層膩?zhàn)拥囊蟛桓撸话愣际鞘嗷姆悄退佔(zhàn)印?/p>

　　The requirements for the bottom layer putty are not high, usually gypsum based non water resistant putty.

　　2、底層膩?zhàn)优c面層膩?zhàn)拥倪x擇

　　2. Selection of Bottom Putty and Top Putty

　　底層膩?zhàn)邮鞘嗟奶娲贰Ｋ姆浪耘c強(qiáng)度都比石膏高得多，所以有條件的可以先用底層膩?zhàn)舆M(jìn)行粗找平。再用面層膩?zhàn)泳?遍。

　　Bottom putty is a substitute for gypsum. Its waterproofness and strength are much higher than gypsum, so if conditions permit, you can first use bottom putty for rough leveling. Use surface putty to level it twice.

　　3、成品膩?zhàn)优c非成品膩?zhàn)拥倪x擇

　　3. Selection of Finished Putty and Non finished Putty

　　成品膩?zhàn)蛹铀當(dāng)嚢杓纯墒褂谩?/p>

　　The finished putty can be used by mixing it with water.

　　選擇成品膩?zhàn)又饕菫榱吮苊猬F(xiàn)場加膠水拌合，膠水是甲醛的主要來源，大量使用膠水會使屋內(nèi)甲醛嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。

　　The main reason for choosing finished putty is to avoid mixing with glue on site. Glue is the main source of formaldehyde, and excessive use of glue can seriously exceed the indoor formaldehyde standard.

　　有的油工師傅為了好干活，可能會用雙飛粉加入108、801等建筑膠來代替成品膩?zhàn)印?08等建筑膠含有甲醛、苯、TVOC等污染物，一旦使用便會持續(xù)性在家中釋放，對居住者的健康造成危害。

　　Some oil workers may use double fly powder mixed with building adhesives such as 108 and 801 to replace finished putty for better work. Building adhesives such as 108 contain pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, TVOC, etc. Once used, they will continue to be released at home, posing a threat to the health of residents.

　　三、耐水膩?zhàn)优巫⒁馐马?xiàng)

　　3、 Precautions for Scratching Waterproof Putty

　　1、耐水膩?zhàn)佑捎谑撬嗷模绕胀ㄊ嗷哪佔(zhàn)訌?qiáng)度高，所以打磨更加費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，需要多花工費(fèi)。

　　1. Due to being cement-based, water-resistant putty has higher strength than ordinary gypsum based putty, so polishing it is more time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring additional labor costs.

　　在使用時寧愿多給一點(diǎn)人工錢，也不用普通膩?zhàn)踊螂p飛粉來替代耐水膩?zhàn)印?/p>

　　I would rather give a little extra labor cost when using it than replace water-resistant putty with ordinary putty or double fly powder.

　　2、水泥基的耐水膩?zhàn)訅A性比較大，為了防止返堿，乳膠漆的底漆要選擇抗堿底漆。

　　2. Cement based water-resistant putty has a relatively high alkalinity. In order to prevent alkali rebound, alkali resistant primer should be selected as the primer for latex paint.

　　本文由 濟(jì)南膩?zhàn)臃?/a> 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識請點(diǎn)擊  http://www.sjzmx.cn   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Putty Powder. For more related knowledge, please click http://www.sjzmx.cn Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned