膩子粉的主要成分如碳酸鈣、滑石粉、纖維素等本身不含甲醛。但傳統(tǒng)膩子粉可能添加膠水（如 107、801 膠），這些膠水中含有甲醛。

一、膩子粉的成分與甲醛關(guān)聯(lián)性

1、 The correlation between the composition of putty powder and formaldehyde

基礎(chǔ)成分的安全性

Safety of basic components

膩子粉的核心原料為碳酸鈣（占比 60%-80%）、石英砂（10%-20%）、纖維素醚（2%-5%）等天然礦物。這些成分本身不含有機揮發(fā)物，且通過物理研磨工藝生產(chǎn)，從源頭避免了甲醛引入的可能。例如，重鈣粉（碳酸鈣）是天然礦石粉碎產(chǎn)物，其化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性極強，在常溫下不會分解產(chǎn)生甲醛。

The core raw materials of putty powder are natural minerals such as calcium carbonate (accounting for 60% -80%), quartz sand (10% -20%), and cellulose ether (2% -5%). These ingredients themselves do not contain organic volatiles and are produced through physical grinding processes, avoiding the possibility of formaldehyde introduction from the source. For example, heavy calcium powder (calcium carbonate) is a natural mineral powder that has strong chemical stability and does not decompose to produce formaldehyde at room temperature.

添加劑的潛在風(fēng)險

Potential risks of additives

傳統(tǒng)膠水體系：早期工程膩子需現(xiàn)場調(diào)配，常添加 107 膠（聚乙烯醇縮甲醛）、801 膠等含醛類物質(zhì)，其游離甲醛含量可達 0.3-1.5mg/m?。這類膠水通過甲醛與聚乙烯醇的縮合反應(yīng)制備，施工后持續(xù)釋放甲醛長達 3-15 年。

Traditional adhesive system: Early engineering putty required on-site mixing, often adding aldehyde containing substances such as 107 glue (polyvinyl formal formaldehyde) and 801 glue, with a free formaldehyde content of 0.3-1.5mg/m?. This type of adhesive is prepared by the condensation reaction of formaldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol, and continues to release formaldehyde for 3-15 years after construction.

現(xiàn)代環(huán)保體系：正規(guī)品牌采用可再分散乳膠粉（如 VAE 乳液）、淀粉膠、植物膠等替代傳統(tǒng)膠水。例如，志強漆膩子粉通過德國 GEV-EC1 Plus 認證，其膠黏劑采用大豆蛋白基材料，甲醛釋放量低于 0.01mg/m?。

Modern environmental protection system: regular brands use redispersible latex powder (such as VAE lotion), starch glue, vegetable glue, etc. to replace traditional glue. For example, Zhiqiang paint putty powder has passed the German GEV-EC1 Plus certification, and its adhesive uses soy protein based materials with a formaldehyde emission of less than 0.01mg/m?.

二、國家標準與市場現(xiàn)狀

2、 National Standards and Market Status

國內(nèi)強制性標準

Domestic mandatory standards

GB 18582-2020：明確規(guī)定膩子粉甲醛釋放量≤0.124mg/m?（E1 級），VOC 含量≤10g/L。2024 年海南省抽查結(jié)果顯示，22 批次產(chǎn)品全部達標。

GB 18582-2020： Is it explicitly stipulated that the formaldehyde emission of putty powder should be ≤ 0.124mg/m? (E1 level), VOC content ≤ 10g/L. The 2024 random inspection results in Hainan Province showed that all 22 batches of products met the standards.

JG/T 298-2010：對膩子的粘結(jié)強度（≥0.5MPa）、耐水性（浸泡 48 小時無開裂）等物理性能提出要求，間接約束有害物質(zhì)添加。

JG/T 298-2010： Requirements are placed on the physical properties of putty, such as bonding strength (≥ 0.5MPa) and water resistance (no cracking after soaking for 48 hours), to indirectly constrain the addition of harmful substances.

三、甲醛釋放的三大場景

3、 Three major scenarios of formaldehyde release

施工過程

Construction process

傳統(tǒng)膩子調(diào)配時，107 膠等含醛膠水與水泥發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，釋放甲醛速率可達 0.15mg/(m??h)。

When traditional putty is mixed, formaldehyde containing adhesives such as 107 glue react chemically with cement, releasing formaldehyde at a rate of up to 0.15mg/(m?? h).

建議采用成品耐水膩子（如美巢易呱平），其預(yù)混膠粉體系避免現(xiàn)場污染。

It is recommended to use finished water-resistant putty (such as Meichao Yiguaping), with a pre mixed rubber powder system to avoid on-site pollution.

環(huán)境影響

environmental impact

溫濕度敏感：當環(huán)境溫度＞25℃、濕度＞60% 時，甲醛釋放量增加 30%-50%。濟南夏季高溫高濕氣候需特別注意施工環(huán)境調(diào)控。

Temperature and humidity sensitivity: When the ambient temperature exceeds 25 ℃ and humidity exceeds 60%, the release of formaldehyde increases by 30% -50%. Special attention should be paid to the control of construction environment in Jinan during the high temperature and high humidity climate in summer.

密閉空間：新裝修房間若未通風(fēng)，72 小時內(nèi)甲醛濃度可能超標 2-3 倍。

Enclosed space: If a newly renovated room is not ventilated, the formaldehyde concentration may exceed 2-3 times the standard within 72 hours.

四、安全選購

4、 Safe selection

產(chǎn)品選擇

product selection

看認證：優(yōu)先選擇同時具備十環(huán)認證、法國 A + 認證的產(chǎn)品，如立邦金裝凈味膩子、三棵樹鮮呼吸系列。

Check certification: Priority should be given to products that have both the ten ring certification and the French A+certification, such as Nippon Paint Jinzhuang Clean Flavor Putty and Three Trees Fresh Breath series.

查報告：要求商家提供 CMA 檢測報告，重點關(guān)注 “甲醛釋放量”“VOC 含量” 兩項指標。

Report inquiry: Merchants are required to provide CMA testing reports, with a focus on two indicators: formaldehyde emission and VOC content.

聞氣味：打開包裝后若有刺激性氣味，可能含苯系物或游離甲醛，應(yīng)避免使用。

Smell: If there is a pungent odor after opening the packaging, it may contain benzene derivatives or free formaldehyde, and should be avoided from use.

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